Common Human Disease & Affected Body Parts
This post describes a wide range of diseases that affect the different parts of the human body.

Diseases that Affects the Digestive System

The human digestive system consists of mouth (tongue, salivary glands & teeth), pharynx, esophagus, diaphragm, stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas,  and intestines.
The diseases that affect the Digestive System are as follows:
  • Diabetes − Pancreas 
  • Cirrhosis − Liver
  • Hepatitis − Liver
  • Jaundice − Liver
  • Malaria − Spleen
  • Pyorrhoea − Teeth
  • Scurvy − Gum
  • Gingivitis − Gum
  • Appendicitis − Large Intestine
  • Colitis − Large Intestine
  • Crohn's Disease − Large/Small Intestine
  • Diarrhea − Large/Small Intestine
  • Gastritis − Stomach
  • Glossitis − Tongue
  • Peptic/Gastric Ulcer − Stomach
  • Peritonitis − Abdomen
  • Cholecystitis − Gall Bladder

Diseases that Affects the Endocrine System

The Endocrine system deals with the pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid & parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads.
The diseases that affect the Endocrine System are as follows:
  • Acromegaly (Gigantism) – Pituitary gland
  • Cushing's Disease − Pituitary gland
  • Diabetes − Pancreas 
  • Goiter − Thyroid
  • Grave's Diseases − Thyroid
  • Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism − Thyroid


Diseases that Affects the Immune System

The immune system is the defender barrier of the body that protects from various disease-causing pathogens. The organs/body parts that play an important role in the immune system are lymph nodes & lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils, appendix, bone marrow, adenoid & Peyer's patches
The diseases that affect the immune system are as follows:
  • AIDS − Immune system of the body (CD4 helper cell or T cell)
  • Lupus
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Tonsillitis − Tonsils
  • Type 1 Diabetes

Diseases that Affects the Integumentary System 

The integumentary system helps the human body from various kinds of external damages, protects from diseases, helps to regulate body temperature, eliminates waste as sweat, etc. The integumentary system consists of hair, skin, exocrine glands, nerves, and nails.
The diseases that affect the integumentary system are as follows:
  • Albinism − Skin
  • Chickenpox − Skin
  • Dermatitis − Skin
  • Eczema − Skin
  • Herpes − Skin
  • Leprosy − Skin
  • Psoriasis − Skin
  • Skin Cancers
  • Vitiligo − Skin


Diseases that Affects the Musculoskeletal System

The musculoskeletal system/the locomotor system/the activity system consists of bones, muscles, cartilage tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissues.
The diseases that affect the Musculoskeletal System are as follows:
  • Osteomyelitis – Bone
  • Rickets – Bone
  • Fibromyalgia − Bone & Muscles
  • Gout − Bone & Joints
  • Arthritis − Joints
  • Rheumatism − Joints 
  • Tendinitis − Tendon
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome − Hands
  • Tetanus − Skeletal Muscles


Diseases that Affects the Nervous System

The human nervous system consists of two main parts. They are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.  The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord whereas the peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extends to all parts of the body.
The diseases that affect the Nervous System are as follows:
  • Bell's Palsy − Nerves (Facial)
  • Neuritis − Nerves
  • Paralysis − Nerves & Limbs
  • Epilepsy − Nerves & Brain
  • Alzheimer's Disease − Brain
  • Cerebral Palsy − Brain (Cerebral Cortex)
  • Dementia − Brain
  • Meningitis − Brain
  • Parkinson's Disease − Brain
  • Syncope − Brain
  • Multiple Sclerosis − Brain & Spinal Cord 
  • Meningitis − Brain & Spinal Cord 
  • Myelitis − Spinal Cord 
  • Tetanus − Spinal Cord 
  • Cataract − Eyes
  • Conjunctivitis − Eyes
  • Glaucoma − Eyes
  • Trachoma − Eyes
  • Uveitis − Eyes
  • Otitis − Ear
  • Tinnitus − Ear
  • Vertigo − Ear 


Diseases that Affects the Respiratory System

The respiratory system in human involves the respiratory tract, which in turn is divided into upper (nose, nasal cavities, sinuses, pharynx and the upper part of the larynx) and lower (lower part of the larynx, the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles & the alveoli) respiratory tracts.
The diseases that affect the Respiratory System are as follows:
  • Asthma − Bronchial muscles 
  • Common Cold
  • Carditis − Heart 
  • Diphtheria − Throat
  • Influenza
  • Measles
  • Mumps
  • Whooping Cough
  • Rhinitis − Nose
  • Bronchitis − Lungs
  • Pleurisy − Lungs
  • Pneumonia − Lungs
  • Tuberculosis − Lungs
  • Rubella
  • Smallpox
  • Tonsillitis − Tonsils
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) − Lungs


Diseases that Affects Reproductive System

The reproductive system in humans involves a collection of internal and external reproductive organs that differ based on gender.
The diseases that affect the Urinary System are as follows:
  • Gonorrhea
  • Syphilis
  • Chlamydia
  • Infertility
  • Cancer (of the Prostate gland, Cervix, Ovary, etc)
  • Endometriosis − Endometrium
  • Prostatitis − Prostate gland


Diseases that Affects the Urinary System

The urinary system/renal system /urinary tract consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, & the urethra.
The diseases that affect the Urinary System are as follows:
  • Cystitis − Bladder
  • Nephrosis − Kidney
  • Nephrolith(Kidney Stone) − Kidney
  • Urethritis − Urethra
  • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) − Lower urinary tract (kidney, ureters, bladder or urethra)


This topic, Common Human Disease & Affected Body Parts is very important part of the various PSC,UPSC, IBPS PO/Clerk, insurance exams, often we found that one or two questions are asked about this especially for those who are preparing for exams related to the medical field.


Thanks for reading!!!